Movie Monsters essays

Film Monsters papers The true to life flop, Spiders, has numerous invented properties about its principle character the tarantula. I found that the films most noteworthy misstep was keeping the creepy crawly relative to its weight. Hollywood is by all accounts never-endingly bombing when they make their film beasts, and prevailing to come up short with this film moreover. All through the film the tarantula gets more prominent and more prominent in size. Beginning, the creepy crawly was reliable with the size found in nature. Each time another arachnid was considered it was commonly bigger then the last. The subsequent insect was the size of a bin ball and indicated the principal side effects of having to huge of a body to help with the size of legs it had. After a couple of more ages the arachnid was the size of a house. The legs of the tarantulas legs were not even close to the size expected to help its weight. The following issue our Hollywood makers neglected to consider is its sense organs. All the more recognizably towards the vehicle estimated ages, or the house measured ages eyes were mistaken. The two ages eyes were unreasonably enormous for sight purposes. As people develop from child to grown-ups their eyes dont remain relative to the bodys development. A similar law ought to be considered when constructing the beasts. Rather than eyes the size of b-balls and inflatable balls, they ought to be around the size of golf balls or racquetballs. The most engaging misstep that the maker made was the manner in which the insect moved. The main thing that grabbed my attention was an early age creepy crawly that was generally the size of a crate ball stumbling into a torment of glass. In obvious life the outside of glass is to smooth for a bug its size to stroll on. Later in the film I saw the last age of the arachnids slithering on a glass building. Given the size and weight of the arachnid, it would get no opportunity to grasp the glass, and even better the glass... <!

Machiavellis The Prince Essays

Machiavellis The Prince Essays Machiavellis The Prince Essay Machiavellis The Prince Essay Paper Topic: The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian history specialist, legislator and a political philospher. He was conceived on May 3, 1469 in Florence. He initially entered the taxpayer driven organization as an assistant and got noticeable in 1498 when Florentine was declared as a Republic. (Kemerling, 2006) Machiavelli was locked in into differen strategic missions and in view of these missions, he met a great deal of Italian rulers and examined their political strategies. After quite a while of open assistance, the republic fallen and he was driven from his post. It was in 1513 when he composed â€Å"The Prince†, trusting that he can make sure about the kindness the Medici family, thye deciding family in Florence that time. He addresed this to an Italian sovereign which is from the Medici family. (Encarta, 2007) The Prince is worried about various rules that established a state, subsequently, he portrayed the technique on how a sovereign can get and keep up his political force. He likewise expressed in this book his conviction that a ruler ought not be limited by conventional moral standards. (Kemerling, 2006) During the Renaissance, there were new mentalities toward legislative issues that goes with the new types of political associations. Huamnists expressed that progress of a spot ought to be common and no-strict. Machiavellis The Prince attempted to locate a base for the craft of administration not relying upon Christian standards yet on science. In sixteenth century, he concentrated more on the most proficient method to safeguard a state and these thoughts were refrlected in The ruler and turned out to be a piece of the world of politics. This new political point of view showed up in Italy as well as in the governments of the North and were presented in various compositions. In spite of the fact that it was not all around acknowledged, it was perceived during Renaissance and changed the political reasoning. (Encarta, 2007) References â€Å"Niccolo Machiavelli†. recovered April 28, 2008. http:/www.philosophypages.com/ph/macv.htm â€Å"Niccolo Machiavelli†.(2007). recovered April 28, 2008. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia  â â â â â â â â 2007. http://encarta.ms.com.

Industry 4.0 Everything You Need To Know

Industry 4.0 Everything You Need To Know Everywhere you look, information technology now plays a major role. Major industries nowadays are suddenly finding themselves dependent, in large part, on information technology. This approach of combining industry and the latest advancements in technology â€" particularly information technology â€" is sometimes referred to as the “fourth Industrial Revolution”, alluding to that significant era in history when the fields of agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation, among others, transitioned to adapting new processes, policies, techniques and practices. Today, it is simply called Industry 4.0.If we were to look at historical records, it would appear that they were right in tagging Industry 4.0 as the fourth Industrial Revolution. It started with the Victorian industrial revolution in the 19th century, when factory production was introduced in what was predominantly a farming economy in England. The second industrial revolution, which took place in the middle of the 1800s al l the way up to World War I, mass production took root, spurred further by the introduction of steel and electricity to power up manufacturing plants. In the middle of the 1900s, digital technology started to make its presence felt, slowly replacing the old (analog and mechanical) way of doing things. We now see a move towards complete digitization of processes, and that is what Industry 4.0 is all about. Hence, the term “Industry 4.0”. © Shutterstock.com | Monkey Business ImagesIn particular, we will explore 1) the industry 4.0 fundamentals, 2) design principles, 3) building blocks in industry 4.0, and 4) challenges and the future of industry 4.0.INDUSTRY 4.0 FUNDAMENTALSSome dub it as “making the manufacturing industry fully computerized”. Others say it is a way to “make industrial production online”. In the United States, the term “industrial internet” has been coined by industrial giant General Electric, but there is another term that is gaining more popularity: “the internet of things”. In others’ opinion, it is a way for businesses to keep up with the rapid pace of changes driven by the evolution of information technology.All these have grains of truth in them.What, exactly, is Industry 4.0? Many people are treating it as if it is a new concept, utilizing newly developed technology and teaching new “tricks”. In a way, that is true. To be more precise, Industry 4.0 is essentially a new ap proach in manufacturing that makes use of the latest technological inventions and innovations, particularly in information and communication technology.Industry 4.0 involves the use of advancements in communication and information technology to increase the degree of automation and digitization of production, manufacturing and industrial processes. The ultimate goal is to manage the entire value chain process, by improving efficiencies in the production process and coming up with products and services that are of superior quality. Thus, what we have is the factory of the future, aptly named “Smart Factory”. This factory of the future is envisioned to be one that operates with quiet efficiency, where all processes are performed and conducted seamlessly and smoothly.The “internet of things” term used by many experts may be quite limiting, especially when you consider the fact that the industry 4.0 environment has four aspects: the internet of things, the internet of data, the internet of services, and the internet of people. That is probably the reason why there is a greater preference for the phrase “internet of everything”, instead of just the “internet of things”.But what gave rise to this fourth industrial revolution? Experts narrowed down four drivers that spurred this transition to further digitization of the manufacturing industry.The drastic and rapid increase in data volumes, computing power and connectivity. This is especially seen in new wide-area networks with low power utilization. Industries find themselves facing the prospect of having to use new data in their manufacturing operations.The advancement of analytics capabilities. Product development requires analysis for it to be successful, and the stronger and solid the analysis is, the higher would be the quality of the end product. A lot of analysis is also required to improve efficiencies of business operations.The introduction of new form of human and machine interactions. These include the development of augmented-reality systems, and systems that make full use of touch interfaces and other hands-free operating systems.The innovations in easing the transfer of digital data to something physically usable. Examples include the improvements in advanced robotics and the onset of 3D printing technology as well as rapid prototyping.With these drivers at work, industries are finding it increasingly imperative to keep up with the times, especially if they plan to remain competitive.Four Main Characteristics of Industry 4.0Proponents of Industry 4.0 named four main and distinct characteristics:1. Vertical integration of smart production systemsSmart factories, which are essentially the core of Industry 4.0, cannot work on a standalone basis. There is a need for the networking of smart factories, smart products, and other smart production systems. The essence of vertical networking stems from the use of cyber-physical production systems (CPPSs) which lets factories and manufacturing plants react quickly and appropriately to variables, such as demand levels, stock levels, machine defects and unforeseen delays.Similarly, networking and integration also involve the smart logistics and marketing services of an organization, as well as its smart services, since production is customized in such a way that it is individualized and targeted specifically to customers.2. Horizontal Integration through global value chain networksIntegration will facilitate the establishment and maintenance of networks that create and add value. The first relationship that would come to mind when we talk of horizontal integration would be the one between the business partners and the customers. However, it could also mean the integration of new business models across countries and even across continents, making for a global network.3. Through-engineering across the entire value chainThe whole value chain is subjected to through-engineering, where the complete product lif e cycle is highlighted. Under other circumstances, focus would be on the manufacturing process alone, with little to no regard of the output. Industry 4.0 covers both the production process and the end product.4. Acceleration through exponential technologiesBusiness operations, particularly those involved in manufacturing, entail the use of many technologies, most of them already existing and operational for a long time. However, technologies are evolving by the day, becoming bigger and better. Soon enough, these technologies have become capable of being applied on a mass-market basis, becoming more accessible by more and more businesses and industries.Benefits of Industry 4.0You might think that Industry 4.0, once it fully rolls out, will benefit only the manufacturing industries. You would be wrong.Industry 4.0’s impact is more far-reaching than that. It affects the entire value chain, including the producers and manufacturers, suppliers, and workers. The education sector will h ave to step up to produce more talent equipped with the skill sets and competencies required in Industry 4.0. Software and technology developers will also have to look into newer, better and bigger offerings. Governments, on the other hand, are expected to do their share, particularly when it comes to the infrastructure required for systems to operate successfully and smoothly. Of particular note are smart infrastructures, which include those that involve smart mobility and smart logistics.All these players ask, “The current system is working; why should we make the switch to Industry 4.0? What’s in it for us?”Increased competitiveness of businesses: In fact, Industry 4.0 is expected to enhance global competitiveness. In this vision, even countries known to have low labor costs and wages will be eyed by large industries as their production areas.Increased productivity: With the increase in efficiencies will also come improvements in productivity levels in the manufacturing sec tors. Feasibility studies conducted in Germany show that productivity in the manufacturing sector will increase by more than 60%. In fact, in the automotive industry, productivity is expected to increases by 10 to 20 percent, once Industry 4.0 is fully implemented.Increased revenue: Naturally, the manufacturing sector will also see an increase in its revenues. Industry 4.0 is seen as one of the major drivers for the growth of revenue levels, even as its implementation will also require significant investments by businesses. Cost-benefit analysis will show later on that revenue will increase faster and higher than the costs incurred to automate or digitize the manufacturing process.Increased employment opportunities and enhanced human and IT resources management: Employment rates will also increase as the demand for talent and manpower, particularly in the fields of engineering and mechanical work, will also rise. But it will not be limited to the mechanical-engineering pool alone si nce, depending on the industry or manufacturing sector, many types of skills will be required.Optimization of manufacturing processes: Having integrated IT systems within the production process will certainly make the most out of the resources at hand. Processes will be streamlined, and there will be increased collaboration between and among producers, suppliers, and other stakeholders along the value chain. The usual time that it takes to produce one unit will be visibly shortened since the process is simplified without compromising quality and decision-making is done in real-time. Similarly, business segments are allowed to develop their full potential as they are individualized. Each segment has their own â€" and often better â€" understanding of the needs of their customers or the groups that they serve, so they are given more power or authority in making the decisions.Development of exponential technologies: Industry 4.0 will serve as an impetus or basis for further technologie s to be developed. Suppliers and developers of manufacturing systems and technologies will use them as basis on what to develop next. For example, more companies are adapting the use of 3D printing technology. Already, developers are looking into technologies that will be an improvement on the current 3D printing technology.Delivery of better customer service: Monitoring and feedback mechanisms, traditionally, also take time. With Industry 4.0 concepts and methods applied, logistics and stats are generated and collected in an automated manner, so response is faster. The business immediately knows if an adjustment has to be made, what adjustments are required, and respond faster to the needs of customers.INDUSTRY 4.0 DESIGN PRINCIPLESOne of the basic principles of Industry 4.0 is connecting systems, machines and work units in order to create intelligent networks along the value chain that can work separately and control each other autonomously but in a cohesive manner.Industry 4.0 ha s six identified design principles that manufacturers or producers use in their automation or digitization efforts for their production processes.Interoperability: The production process does not pertain to simply a set of methods or steps and involve only the people directly involved in them. It is an entire environment where all factors play a role. Assembly stations are not considered completely separate from the products that are being created, or the people that are working on them. Interoperability refers to the capability of all components to connect, communicate and operate with each other through the Internet of Things. This includes the humans, the Smart Factories, and the technologies in use.Virtualization: The monitoring of the actual processes that take place in the physical production chain will turn up sensor data, which will then be linked to virtual models or models created via simulation. This linkage will result in a virtual copy of the Smart Factory and this, in turn, will be used by producers in the setup of Industry 4.0.Decentralization: As mentioned repeatedly, Industry 4.0 supports faster decision-making, cutting through the bureaucratic red-tape that many businesses find too bothersome and time-consuming. Industry 4.0 supports decentralization, which enables the different systems within the Smart Factory to make decisions separately, without deviating from the path towards the single, ultimate organizational goal.Real-Time Capability: Industry 4.0 efforts are also centered towards making everything real-time: the gathering or collecting of data in each step of the process and even the feedback and monitoring stage. Assessing the weaknesses of each stage of the production process can be done quickly â€" almost immediately â€" allows management to make decisions just as fast.Service Orientation: Just because the Internet of Things is in use does not mean all the work is already done once the major players are interconnected. Services are still going to be required by the Smart Factories, and that is where the Internet of Services of Industry 4.0 comes in.Modularity: Flexibility is also another design principle of Industry 4.0, so that Smart Factories can easily adapt to changing circumstances and requirements. The individual models must be designed in such a way that they can be replaced, expanded, or improved on.BUILDING BLOCKS OF INDUSTRY 4.0There are nine identified technological trends that are said to be primarily instrumental in shaping industrial production.Big Data and analytics: These days, the manufacturing sector is finding itself inundated with increasing amount of data from various sources, and there is a need to gather all that data, collate and organize them in a coherent manner, and use the analytics provided by these data sets to support management’s decision-making. Business cannot afford to ignore the data coming in, as they might prove to be very useful when it comes to optimization of product ion quality and service, reduce energy consumption, and improve efficiencies in the production process.For example, data can be collected from the various phases of the production process. These large amounts of data will be analyzed in correlation with each other in order to identify phases with redundant processes that may be streamlined.To sum it up, there are 6 C’s in big data and analytics with respect to the Industry 4.0 environment. They are:Connection, which pertains to sensors and networks;Cloud computing;Cyber, which involves model and memory;Content/Context;Community, or sharing and collaboration between and among stakeholders; andCustomization.Autonomous robots: The use of robots in the manufacturing process is no longer new; however, robots, too, are subject to improvements and evolution. Creators of these robots are designing them to be more autonomous and interactive, such that they are no longer simply tools used by humans, but they are already integral work units that function alongside humans.Simulation: In the past, if manufacturers wanted to test if a process is working efficiently and effectively or not, trial and error is required. Soon, they learned the process of simple simulation to cut down on setup times. With another industrial revolution looming, simulations will become more advanced and extensive, such that they will play more major roles in the optimization of production, as well as product, quality.Horizontal and vertical system integration: Linkages are essential in any business for it to flourish, and the concept of having fully integrated IT systems is something that Industry 4.0 aims for. Imagine a manufacturing sector where engineering, production, marketing and after-sales are closely linked together. Similarly, companies will also be more integrated, giving rise to data integration networks and value chains that are fully automated. Collaboration among companies and industries will surely be facilitated.The industrial I nternet of Things (IoT): Embedded computing and networking are seen to be requirements if a manufacturer wants its processes to be fully integrated and automated. The industrial Internet of Things will make this possible, since field devices will be designed and equipped for networking, so that they are able to interact and communicate with each other, while also becoming connected with a control center or command.Cyber security: As more and more companies are going online, there is an increasing demand for higher security, considering the amount and nature of data or information that are uploaded or shared in networks. Industrial systems are becoming increasingly vulnerable to threats. To address this, cyber security measures have to be put in place.The cloud: The large data sets involved in Industry 4.0 means data sharing will have a broader reach or range. The usual cloud-based software that a manufacturing company has been using in the past may no longer be enough to hold all th at data. Thanks to the continuous efforts of developers, cloud technologies are improving, becoming more enabled for manufacturing and production systems.Additive manufacturing: Customization of products is one way for manufacturers to improve product quality. Fortunately, additive manufacturing is making this possible. It enables manufacturers to come up with small batches of products that are customized in ways that offer more value to end users, while reducing cost and time inefficiencies for the manufacturer.Augmented reality: Businesses are increasingly relying on mobile technologies to carry out its business processes, from production to marketing and after-sales support. In order to carry them out, they are turning more and more towards the use of augmented-reality-based systems.One advantage of these augmented reality-based systems is providing real-time data or information, resulting to decision-making that is also performed in real time.CHALLENGES AND THE FUTURE OF INDUSTR Y 4.0A simple automation process is not without its obstacles or stumbling blocks that it must overcome in order for it to be fully implemented, operational and successful. The same goes for Industry 4.0. It, too, is subject to several key challenges that must be addressed if it is to be fully adapted by the manufacturing sectors all over the globe.Industry 4.0 implementation requires large amounts of investmentIt costs money to automate a single part of a process; automating an entire production process or value chain will definitely cost more than a lot of money, it requires huge sums. In Germany, for example, the manufacturers are expected to invest €250 billion in the next ten years as they adapt manufacturing process to be incorporated with Industry 4.0 concepts.Demand for an upgraded workforceProducers and other businesses in the manufacturing sectors will have to look into their workforces more closely, particularly with their competencies. Long-term or strategic workforce planning is called for, and they are likely to focus on a workforce with superior IT skills and competencies.Calling for an upgraded workforce is not as easy as it seems since, as things stand, there are several concerns that are appended to this challenge:Lack of skill sets or competencies needed for Industry 4.0 implementation: There is no lack when it comes to talent, but it is a fact that the talent that we currently have are not necessarily up to par with the expectations for the full implementation of Industry 4.0. As things stand today, there is a lack of the adequate competencies or skill sets. Hopefully, in the near future, this inadequacy will be filled, thanks in large part to educational institutions revamping their curriculum to address this issue.Displacement of low-skilled workers and laborers: This is another challenge that is an offshoot of upgrading the workforce. There is a constant worry in economies that automation will put greater emphasis on information techno logy professionals and those that are directly engaged in the mechanical-engineering aspect of things, completely displacing the workers who belong to the low-skilled group.The demand for Industry 4.0-capable systems and machinesSuppliers and developers of manufacturing systems need to step their game up in order to keep up with the demand for machines and systems that are Industry 4.0-capable. This means that the current suppliers and developers have to delve more into information technology and how it will be incorporated in the manufacturing systems that they come up with. In short, they have to reconfigure their own production processes. If they already have software-development capabilities in place, they still have to do more, because Industry 4.0 requirements are certainly going to be much higher.Standardization across industriesWhile it is true that not all industries are the same, there is still a need for some degree of standardization. Industry 4.0 does not happen in Euro pe alone, or in the United States. Connectivity is now on a global scale, and industries have to be covered by international standards in order for their interaction to be more defined and have a semblance of order.The first steps towards standardization have already been undertaken by Germany with its Plattform Industrie 4.0, followed by the Dialogplattform Industrie 4.0. The United States is not far behind, with the formation of the Industrial Internet Consortium or IIC, which gathered telecommunication and IT companies, manufacturers, producers and manufacturing systems suppliers. Another organization, the Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition, was also formed by government agencies, manufacturers/producers, suppliers, technology companies and educational institutions to further sow the seeds of Industry 4.0 in the US.Data Security risksAs a greater portion of the global manufacturing sector is finding its way to using the Internet of Things, there are definitely greater risks to data security. Cyber security providers will also have to increase their vigilance and develop better security systems to protect Industry 4.0 from caving under the pressure and threat from potential viruses and other cyber attacks.General reluctance to changeNot everyone is quick or easy to adapt to change, even if said changes are geared towards higher profits or greater productivity. Some stakeholders are ingrained to be resistant to change, preferring to stick to what is familiar and, to them, reliable.Convincing everyone in the manufacturing sectors to automate their production processes is not going to be easy. Advocates of Industry 4.0 have their work cut out for them as they hope to get everyone on board, and that is not just limited to manufacturers and producers. They also have to get government units and agencies, technology firms, infrastructure providers, suppliers and even the general public, to get on with the program.

A Brief Note On Occupational Inequalities And The Colonial...

occupational inequalities† (ibid.:30). The particular subservience towards the colonial administration can be considered an organized emulation and convenience of representative practices. There is little doubt that the British colonizers had originally planned to lead the colonized Africans towards â€Å"an image of that society as they wished to see it† (Comaroff 1989: 665). A shared framework of pride and loyalty to the Crown had to be genuine, as â€Å"Africans who sought to manipulate these symbols for themselves, without accepting the implications of subordination within a neo-tradition of governance, were usually accused by Europeans of triviality, of confusing form with reality and of imagining that it was possible to achieve power or†¦show more content†¦African colonial employees, local elites, and even some members of the general population were considered part of the aforementioned intermediaries. The intermediaries also had the opportunity to control the dissemination of information in their interactions with the colonial administrative officials. One particular example, although set in Siguiri of present-day Republic of Guinea, models the intermediaries’ control over the dissemination of information. The French colonial commander posted to Siguiri in 1899 once complained to his superiors that a wall of deceptions and lies were built around him by the local interpreter and the local chief (ibid.). He discovered that a series of actions had been carried out in his name without the commander’s knowledge. The commander’s interpreter and local chief had, among other actions, â€Å"used their positions to levy fines, imprison sheep and take women as wives without pay† (ibid.: 30). Of course, it was the prestige and authority that was associated with the commander’s name that enabled the African intermediaries to openly profit off of the colonial situation. Nevertheless, there are certainly subtler ways to benefit from the sociopolitical ada ptions needed in response to the representations of Africa. As a way to return to the topic of tradition, the religious adaptions made by both the colonized and the colonizers in order to legitimize hierarchies of privilege. In order toShow MoreRelatedEducation in the New Powerhouse Economies: Catching Up or Leading the Way?5758 Words   |  24 Pages with Shanghai a shining â€Å"example of innovation† (OECD 2010b:83) In stark contrast, India’s haphazard approach to higher education reform and their inability to use education to ameliorate social difference leave them lagging behind the west. A Brief History of Education in Chinese and Indian Societies Both China and India have a long tradition of highly valuing education in society (OECD 2010b). 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Debate On Morality With And Without God - 1046 Words

M. SURBER BCOR STEP II: PAPER OUTLINE Topic of debate: Morality with/without God I. Introduction: a. Throughout my life I have been involved in a dynamic battle that always comes back to one question: Is there such a thing as â€Å"God†? I have been raised up in a pretty much non-practicing Christian home. Growing up in this type of lifestyle I have encountered a multitude of different belief systems that were either Secular or Christian-like. But with this debate of if God is real or not, I have come across the issue of how to walk out my life with the time that I have. This paper will go through the debate of the topic of morality in secular mindsets, and Christian mindsets. I hope to help you, my reader, understand the questions: Does morality require God, or is it possible to be a moral atheist? If not, then where does morality’s basis come from in a secular world? And how do Christians and Secularist think similarly and differently on the topics of morality. b. 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I do not subscribe to the divine command theory (DCT) of ethics, as I believe you can have ethics without God. The DCT proposes that what is morally right is what God has commanded (for example, love thy neighbor), and what is forbidden by God is morally wrong (i.eRead MorePlato’S Euthyphro. Questions About Morality Are At The1510 Words   |  7 PagesEuthyphro Questions about morality are at the very center of heated debates and discussions surrounding the topic of religion. This theme, the potential interlinking between religion and morality, is explored by Plato in his work Euthyphro. The foundational question that Plato asks is how is something determined to be good or moral: through independent reasoning or by divine prescription. I believe that the only rational position to take on the issue is to conclude that morality must be separate fromRead MoreNo Two People Have The Same Worldview Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagesreality and make sense of life and the world,† and this is specifically shown through the â€Å"Does God Exist† debate between Dr. Gordon Stein and Dr. Greg Bahnsen. Both men debated sophistically and articulately, and established their differing stances on the question: Does God Exist? Both Bahnsen and Stein verbalized their thesis’ and main points to support their claims. Ultimately, by the end of the debate Dr. Bahnsen covers all of the bases, which Dr. Stein failed to do; furthermore, Bahnsen’s pointsRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Natural Law1203 Words   |  5 PagesSt. Paul opens what many hold to be his magnum opus with an apologetic. In Romans 1, Paul defends the omnipotence of God and His justice by claiming that all men, including those who would willingly reject God, know Him. Paul goes on to say that there is a natural order of things in this world. He speaks of the natural relations of mankind in such a way that moves beyond simply stating that these relations are the norm to say that they are the standard or rule against which actions can be judgedRead MoreNietzsche997 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different types of moral theory. One, the divine command theory, states that the moral code by which we should abide comes down to us from the ten commandments of God. There is also Kants view that reason dictates the commandments of morality. The moral law, ac cording to Kant, is derivable from our own rational faculties and, not surprisingly, Gods ten commandments can be found along with other maxims in our rationality. However, Nietzsche ascribed to neither of these views. Born

Small Business in Nigeria - 2742 Words

Table of Contents Introduction------------------------------------------ 1 Constraint in small business : 1) Exchange rate-----------------------------------2 2) Access to loan -------------------------------2 - 3 3) Infrastructure --------------------------------3 - 4 4) Technology ----------------------------------4 - 5 5) Taxation -----------------------------------------6 6) Regulation --------------------------------------7 7) Policy---------------------------------------------8 Conclusion-------------------------------------------9 Recommendation----------------------------------9 Reference list-----------------------------------10 - 12 Introduction Nigeria is a country with 923,768 sq km (†¦show more content†¦2001. From above the diagram, we can see that there are many African countries still have inadequate facilities for their business. The infrastructure in Nigeria is considering disabling and until now there is no any change in that area. There are only 6000 megawatts can be produces by the state-run National Electric Power Authority. ( Nigeria’s economy at the crossroads 1999 ) It make the electricity in Nigeria is not stable and very limited especially in rural areas as It make the business cannot product their product successfully as there are no electricity then production process had to stop. High cost of electricity cause the business cannot run many generators at the same times in order to produce more goods. It makes the entrepreneur need to increase the price of goods to cover the high production cost. There are several problems that happen to the wireless deployment in Nigeria. Unstable electricity 3 makes the wireless deployment need to depend on the power backup system. However, the backup can last long for 2 to 8 hours in case of fixed wireless system for subscriber terminal and it could be stretch to 12 to 48 hours when there are power failure occur. (Ndukwe 2000, 4) This situation cannot be acceptable if there are more cases happen continually Technology Telecommunication can be one of the key elements to stimulate the business growth rate. How can people connect with others when they are travelling? By using theShow MoreRelatedSmall Business in Nigeria2732 Words   |  11 PagesTable of Contents Introduction------------------------------------------ 1 Constraint in small business : 1) Exchange rate-----------------------------------2 2) Access to loan -------------------------------2 - 3 3) Infrastructure --------------------------------3 - 4 4) Technology ----------------------------------4 - 5 5) Taxation -----------------------------------------6 6) Regulation --------------------------------------7 7) Policy---------------------------------------------8Read MoreThe Role of Cost Accountants in Small Scale Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria1259 Words   |  6 PagesBACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The preponderance of vast number of small scale industries in Nigeria suggest that the situation offers substantial opportunity for the intensive development and improvement of this sector, with appropriate injections of technology, improved management, efficient marketing techniques and so forth (Echu, 2002). The contributions of small industries to development are generally acknowledged. Small industries face many obstacles that limit their long term performance and invariablyRead MoreRaising Capital For Any Startup1324 Words   |  6 PagesRaising capital for any startup in Nigeria is hard, and it is discouraging to invest in a business idea that is not easy for some entrepreneurs. Applying for secured personal loan or even a loan without collateral is not promising to anyone too. So, if you are looking for a business loan without collateral, you have to understand that getting a small business loan without collateral is certainly tough in today’s economy. That’s why you find a lot of searches on internet about â€Å"how to get loan withoutRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Globalization900 Words   |  4 Pagescom/hub/Definition-of-Globalization). Globalization can be both advantageous and detrimental to developing countries. Some of its advantages are increased external finance, improved technology and political conformism. Disadvantages of globalization include death of small and medium businesses, loss of cultural identity and the effect of foreign policies on domestic economic development. Let us take a closer look at these consequences of globalization. Increased external finance: Globalization implies that businessesRead MoreThe Effects of Petroleum Business on Nigeria1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe largest petroleum-producing nation in Africa is Nigeria. The petroleum company is the main contributing factor of the GDP in the West African nation, which is also the continents, most noticeable and populous reserves. Since Nigeria was under British control it has suffered socio-economic and political adversities for decades. Corrupt domestic militias and complicity of multinational corporations have rid the nation of its natural resources. The same corporations that are ridding the land andRead MoreEconomic Growth And Development Of Lagos And Nigeria958 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment. Clustering offers unique benefits and a common feature in majority of firms in Chinese provinces, most of the clusters in Lagos and Nigeria are at different growth stage in their life cycles.( Tambunan, 2005); Rauch et al, 2014) . Lagos state economy makes up a significant proportion of the Gross Domestic product(GDP) of Nigeria despite its small land size, other states with larger land size do not contribute as much as Lagos State and justifying porters location theory. The burgeoningRead MoreResearch on Elizade Nigeria Limited1686 Words   |  7 PagesAde Ojo was born on June 14, 1934 at Ilara-Mokin in Ondo State, South West of Nigeria. He studied Business Administration at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) and graduated in June, 1965. He has worked with some multinational companies including C.F.A.O., the then British Petroleum (BP) now African Petroleum Plc. Today he is the proud owner of ELIZADE NIGERIA LIMITED with several subsidiaries including Toyota Nigeria Limited, Oodua Creations Limited, Crown and Gold Shipping Company Limited amongRead MoreRole Of Business In Nigeria795 Words   |  4 PagesEase of Doing Business in Nigeria initiative can only work when the three arms of government, the executive, the judiciary and legislature, work together to put up right business policies that will prepare Nigeria as investment destination. Elumelu, stated this in a key note address at the 2017 National Insurance Conference organised by the Insurance Industry Consultative Council ( IICC) in Abuja. Speaking on the theme, ‘Nigeria Open for Business’, Elumelu, said capitals for business go where theyRead MoreEconomics and Business Climate Overview of Lagos, Nigeria.1500 Words   |  6 PagesEconomics and Business Climate Overview of Lagos, Nigeria. 1.0 Background Information 1.1 Geopolitical Profile The smallest in area of Nigerias states (total land area of three thousand, five hundred and seventy seven square meters), Lagos State is the most populous state (with over eighteen million people according to 2006 population census) and unarguably the most economically important state of the country and the nations most urbanized (Economic Intelligence Unit, MEPB 2012). This large,Read MoreCultural Assessment : Western Africa Region772 Words   |  4 Pagesborder the Atlantic Ocean, with an exception of Burkina Faso. The countries are small in area compared to the other parts of Africa. Western Africa makes up the largest population cluster in sub-Saharan Africa. West African culture is based on cash crops for export in many of the trade areas along the coast. Many of the West Africans have large incomes due to the sale of their crops across all global markets. Nigeria is the largest country in West Africa having 59% of the population of the Sub-Saharan

Child developement Essay Example For Students

Child developement Essay Outline1 What is child development?2 How to succeed in raising a child3 The importance of the proper development of children What is child development? The topic of child development concerned everyone since children are our future. Let’s see in the introduction, what it is. The development of the child is a complex process of maturation and complication of mental functions and personality. A lot of factors affecting it: hereditary-biological and social (upbringing, training, environmental influences). Throughout the life as a child, his psyche is in the process of continuous development, which does not always proceed uniformly (intermittently): periods of relatively slow, gradual ripening are replaced by periods of rapid development. Each age period is characterized by the anatomical, physical and psychological characteristics of the child, the emergence of new social needs and the specific nature of his relationship with the environment. How to succeed in raising a child Every parent wants their child to be successful. This is a completely natural desire. But to transform this desire into reality is not an easy task. So what guarantees the success of a child? Are some children genetically predisposed to do something better than others or is the achievement of goals totally dependent on the parents? This is the eternal debate of pedagogy. It does not actually matter, what talents and inclinations your child has or on which side of the discussion you are, no one denies that good parenting plays an important role in the child’s self-realization. Ineffective education regardless of the talents and intelligence of the child can lead to behavioral problems, troubles at school and even to some offenses. The proper upbringing of the child is a prerequisite for obtaining the highest achievements of children. There is no universal recipe for everyone. However, psychologists have discovered several common steps in successful parenting, here are a few of them: Household chores. Studies show that when children do housework from an early age, it fosters a sense of responsibility, autonomy, and skill. Children who are engaged in household chores are more sympathetic, they understand and stand up to the struggle. They are also able to work on tasks in a team. High requirements. High, but realistic expectations are important in the upbringing of children. Most often, children achieve the tasks that their parents set for them. The trick is to set the bar high enough but in the possible area. Good composure skills. Children should be trained to manage anger, resist temptation (when they are detrimental), and be properly able to resolve a conflict — this is necessary in order to succeed. Lack of healthy coping strategies can lead to problems with the health and well-being of the child. Opportunity to fail. Successful parenting involves an understanding that failure is a big part of success. And although this may seem illogical, research shows that more experience comes precisely from failure than from success. Therefore, give your child a chance for a mistake. Do not be afraid of his failure. Successful failures will help in establishing the character of a child, develop resilience and overall competence. Social skills. In the modern world, social intelligence is just as important as the brains. An observation involving 700 children was conducted over 20 years, and its results showed that those who are socially responsible are more likely to receive higher education and have a good job at the age of 25 years. Successful parenting ensures that children learn to be in a team, in an equal-to-equal relationship, they are helpful and able to empathize with others intuitively, without prompting. Spending time with a child at an early stage of development. .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb , .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb .postImageUrl , .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb , .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb:hover , .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb:visited , .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb:active { border:0!important; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb:active , .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9a1c69b198ea10a7743b3dfd6ae131cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The necklace EssayThe number of hours that parents spend with children aged 3 to 11 years is very important. This affects the childs behavior, his well-being, and achievements. It also forms a healthy attachment of children to the parents and vise versa. The quality of the time spent is also important. Parents can go to work, but once they come back, they have to devote as much time to the child and only to him as they can. Do not watch the show or do the dishes, but to communicate with the child. Attract him to some interaction, stimulate to work, but do not push. Development of solid character. Encourage children to do things that are difficult or unpleasant to do in order to achieve success later in life. For example, morning exercises, visiting music school. The advantage of such upbringing is that children overdo it with laziness, insecurity, etc., which is crucial since such children have a firmness of character long before reaching the age of going to college or university and become successful students. Helping a child develop strong self-esteem. It can be done by balancing the parenting. Excessive control and care inhibit the development of the child. He cannot become independent and determined if all decisions in his life were made by mom and dad. Their kids should be able to understand their own strengths, weaknesses, preferences, and dislikes. Freedom to make decisions. Successful upbringing presupposes the possibility for the child to make decisions independently, even if it is sometimes obvious to us that it is a wrong one. We should strive to be more thoughtful parents. Try to pause and give your child freedom, remembering daily that the best way to teach a particular behavior is to model it. The importance of the proper development of children In conclusion, we have to say that there are a lot of theories on how to provide child growth properly. One of the most popular methods of early development of children is a Montessori method. She believed that each child should be treated as a unique, with their own ways and terms of learning about the world around them. Teachers should not force, but encourage the child to self-development. To do this, put it in a specially prepared environment and give freedom of action. The main qualities that the technique develops are activity and initiative. It does not matter, what technology or method you will choose. It’s just important to be kind and try to raise a decent person a part of the promising future generation.

People Of The Setting Sun Essays - The Setting Sun, Naoji

People Of The Setting Sun Close inspection of The Setting Sun by Dazai Osamu allows one to see a particular family battle changing times that are affecting a whole nation of people. Paralleled in many ways by the author's own reality, we see how this deep message is more than just a fiction story. As a nation, Japan had just surrendered to the U.S. ending their participation in WWII. With the end of this battle, a new one on the home front began. In a sense, the tradition of Japan died with the war; there is a definite passing of a generation/era of people. The country is now caught in a state of shock as they try to piece together new lives. This is by no means a simple task when tradition is pulling from one side and an influx of modern ways and ideas are pulling from the other. Through the analyzation of Mother, Kazuko, and Naoji, the notion of a nation struggling to grasp a new modern identity while coping with the decline of a social order that has stood strong for so many years is unfolded from beginnin g to end creating mixed feelings of hope and depression for the people of the setting sun. Due to WWII, Kazuko and her mother must leave Tokyo and establish residents in nearby village. Kazuko's brother, Naoji, has been fighting in the war and upon its conclusion, comes home to his sister and mother with a terrible drug addiction. Naoji has an artist friend who acts as a mentor/drinking buddy. The death of the mother shows the passing of a generation, and the suicide of Naoji exemplifies the feelings of depression and hopelessness that float over Japan. Kazuko becomes the heroin of the story when she creates a positive experience in the middle of this chaotic time. She bears a child which acts as a symbol for a fresh start and new hope during a time when that is just what is needed. The beginning scene of the novel is a great description for the type of women that Mother was. By explaining how she eats her soup or wee wee's in the garden, we can see that she is looked at by her children as being a good aristocrat. She had class, but was not afraid to act in her own ways. Eventually people were forced to take care of her due to her failing health, but never once do you see her attitude change to the negative. As she began to die, she never complained at all about her condition. She is among the last of a generation of good aristocrats; her ideals and morals about how life should be lived are dying with her, while the ways of the new times are rushing in with the new aristocracy. Victims. Victims of a transitional period of morality. That is what we both certainly are. She takes pride in the fact that she has allowed her children a connection to the good of the old days while they attempt to handle the transition into the modern world. This is evident in the way t hat she treats Naoji on his arrival back home. He receives the same amount of love as Kazuko even while he blatantly disrespects and defiles his body and culture. Her death creates a new life in Kazuko, while playing a part in the ultimate death of her son. Her role in dying sums up her role in the novel, as her pulse was being taken by the nurse, watched over by Naoji and myself, her two children, my beautiful mother, who was the last lady in Japan. Kazuko has lived with her mother from beginning to the end. She has treasured the time spent with last of the true aristocrats. When the war has ended, she has to deal with so many issues that a feeling of despair seems to lurk over her character. She makes it clear that love and revolution are what makes the people go, Before the war, even during the war, we were convinced of it. Since the defeat, however, we no longer trust the older and wiser heads and have come to feel that the opposite

Human Growth Development Essay Example

Human Growth Development Essay Example Human Growth Development Essay Human Growth Development Essay Erikson believed personality development was an ongoing process affected by social and cultural events in which a state of maturity is aspired to. Stage 1 The infancy stage covers the childs first one and a half years, where primary care givers need to maintain a nurturing environment in order for the child to develop trust. Stage 2 The anal-muscular stage from eighteen months to four years sees the child enter a phase where a level of independence is achieved. Care givers need to generate an environment in which firm but fair boundaries are implemented in order for the child to develop an assurance of own abilities. Stage 3 From the ages of three to six the child enters the genital-locomotor stage were an understanding of right and wrong develops. An even balance of guilt and initiative should produce a child that is aware of its own capabilities and the affects its actions have on others, however, the child that has no clear understanding of right or wrong could be prone to hurting others and would see guilt as being weak. Stage 4 The Latency stage occurs from approximately age 6 to twelve years where social skills are derived from the young persons surroundings. However, during the Latency stage development is affected in a larger degree by external factors such as school friends, teaching staff and the extended family. At this stage the child has to learn how to feel competent. Stage 5 From the ages of approximately 14-20 years the young person enters adolescence where a sense of role identify is developed with the individual understanding who they are and their place in society. Stage 6 Young adulthood is entered between the ages of 20 35 years where intimate relationships are developed with the expectation of giving and receiving love, and where many couples decide to begin a family. Stage 7 As adults enter maturity (ages 35 65 years) they are seen to develop through guiding their own children. Love, at this stage, is given freely to children without the expectation of receiving it back. Investment in future generations is the motivating force in this stage; however an extreme of this Erkison calls Overextension. Stage 8 Adults in this stage are referred to as many different things such as Old Age Pensioners; The Twilights, Senior Citizens; War Babes; Veterans; etc. In different cultures individuals entering this stage are treated with different measures of respect. In some cultures adults in this stage are seen as having achieved wisdom with a sense of well-being and are sought after for their perception and knowledge. In contrast Jean Piaget saw development in terms of attaining balance of intellectual structures. Piaget believed that children are fundamentally different thinkers than adults, being incapable of understanding particular things before achieving certain stages in their development . He also described children as being egocentric. because a young child cannot understand how someone elses point of view may be different from their own.. (Edmonds, V. , 2006). Piagets proposed four major stages of development can vary greatly due to the individuality of the child and cultural influences. The first of Piagets developmental stages, Sensorimotor, occurs between the ages of 0 to 2 years in which the child identifies the difference between self and other objects. This is also the stage where a child learns by touch or as Piaget relates touch tutors vision (Butterworth, G. , Harris M. , 1994, p234). The Preoperational stage from 2 to 7 years identifies the period when language is developed. Between 7 to11 years the child is in the Concrete Operational stage where the ability to think logically in regards to events and objects in the here and now is developed. The Formal Operational stage between 12 to 15 years is when the young develop the ability to solve abstract or hypothetical problems. Piagets theory behind these stages was that logical thinking develops slowly with intellectual development being a gradual evolution. When looking at the different theorists perspectives in relation to Human Growth and Development I feel more drawn to the work of Piagets and Eriksson in their acknowledgement of the impact of social factors upon development. There are many social factors that could affect psychological and social development, these may include the social class that a child is reared in; the level of wealth or poverty within the household or surrounding environment; disability of the child or other family members; the ethnic group to which the child or family belong to; gender of the child; religious observances within the family; or abuse towards the child or within the home environment. A subsequent resulting factor could be the affect of living within a different lifestyle to others in the surrounding environment be it relatives, peers, neighbours etc. This could apply to a child or young person who has been raised in a working class environment whose parents decide to send them to a better school. The child could feel very different from others in the school and may feel inadequate in comparing themselves and their families to those at the better school. The young person may then present with low self-esteem or self-worth. When applying social factors to myself I realise that I can relate strongly to Bowlbys theory of attachment and Ericksons eight stages. Sterns theory of attachment at a early age is very significant, but being the middle child of nine and coming from an era and culture where It takes a whole village to raised a child (old African saying) I found it difficult to subscribe to the non-verbal messages that transfers from the child to its primary carer, especially when everyone and anyone could be that primary career. I am the middle child of nine children, my mother worked as a cleaner in the local hospital and my father was a musician who travelled for months on end, they both came over from St. Kitts to England in the late 50s. By the age of 10 my father immigrated to America promising find a job there and take us over but I never saw him again until the day of my mothers funeral when I was 38. There was only three main rules, Love the Lord, Never fight each other and whomever was the eldest in the house at any given time was the person with the responsibilities. Coming from a working class, area and living in a predominantly white community in a time where discrimination was unacceptable but not against the law, I struggled in stages 3 to 5 of Eriksons model. Being Black, female, young and not knowing of my learning disability had a dramatic impact on my self-esteem, confidence, identity, individualism and acceptance within society but not the community I lived in. Within my community, social circle (which in the beginning was predominantly black) we all shared similar or the same stories, it was where I held on to my identity, self-image, confidence, integrity, and faith. I learnt there were good and bad in all people regardless of their race, faith and social background. We had an elderly English neighbour who looked after her disabled daughter, she constantly had us over for tea, and brought us gifts for no reason. I experience a teacher who knew I was constantly being bullied and attacked in the playground, so made me the milk monitor bringing authority and respect from the other children as they had to collect their milk from me.

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discussion Board - Essay Example As the paper declares there is a tendency to ignore this growing social problem and the war on drugs has pushed the distribution of all kinds of drugs used into the hands of criminal elements of society. Decriminalization of drugs attempts to make drugs available through more legitimate channels with a degree of control and thereby remove distribution of drugs through the criminal elements. To understand the working of this measure an examination of its use in Holland would be useful. In Holland drugs have been classified into hard, which includes heroin, cocaine and ecstasy and soft, which is cannabis. In the case of cannabis the possession of small quantities for personal use is seldom held against the person having it, but more importantly it is the fact that cannabis has been made available through cafes and removes the criminal element from the distribution of cannabis. This essay stresses that the problem with this measure is that the use of the soft drug cannabis could lead to the use of hard drugs and hard drugs are still clamped down heavily in Holland. A possible way out of this is to make the hard drugs available at chemists and sold through prescriptions under strict regulations so that the involvement of criminal elements is removed. Still this does not remove the issue of the move from a soft drug like cannabis to a hard drug like heroin or cocaine by a soft drug user.

Effective communication skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effective communication skills - Essay Example In verbal communication, people make use of tongue for the exchange of information whereas in nonverbal communication, people make use of eye contact, body language, gestures, and appearance to send nonverbal messages to other people. Nonverbal communication plays a vital role in making the entire process of communication successful and productive. Language plays an important role in making communication effective. It covers the rich complexities that a person faces during the process of communication. If a person wants to communicate in a language other than his/her own language, he/she first needs to know the meanings of different words used in that language. It not only adds meanings to the words but also enhances the ability of a person to use those meanings for constructing sentences. Along with language dependency, communication between any two persons also depends upon the nature of relationships that exist between them. For example, the nature of communication that takes place between a person and his family members is different from the communication that takes place between that person and his boss. Therefore, we can say that communication is influenced by the nature of relationships that exists between individuals. If we discuss the importance of effective communication within the context of accounting and finance, we can say that communication plays a considerable role in improving the concepts of an individual. I personally feel that my accounting concepts have improved due to the communication which used to take place between my professor, classmates, and me. All of us used to share our concerns with each other which helped us get a deep understanding of all issues related to accounting and finance. Emotional intelligence, on the other hand, is the ability of a person to assess emotions and feelings not only of himself/herself but also of other people. â€Å"Emotional intelligence refers to the effectiveness of an

Effects of Depression on Brain Function

Effects of Depression on Brain Function Depression The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) diagnose children and adolescents with major depression with signs that include loss of interest and sadness for two weeks straight. Psychologists usually will also look for at least five more symptoms on top of the other two symptoms. These include â€Å"changes in sleeping or eating habits (weight and energy), psychomotor agitation or retardation, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, trouble thinking or paying attention, recurrent thoughts of death, or suicidal ideation and attempts† (Bujoreanu, Benhayon, and Szigethy, 2011, p. 548). This paper will focus on comparison of normal brain function and the brain function of an individual with depression, negative effects of daily functioning living with depression, assessments that are used for diagnoses and treatment, and appropriate treatment options and coping mechanism for individuals with depression. Comparison between Normal Brain Function and Depressed Brain Function Neuropsychological research has shown that emotion is controlled by the right cerebrum which means that the â€Å"right-posterior region of the cerebrum is specialized for the perception of emotional information, regardless of valence† (Shenal, Harrison, Demaree, 2003, p. 34). In normal brain functioning, the right cerebrum also controls arousal and attention. Other research has shown that there is a balance of positive and negative emotions between the left and right cerebrum. The left cerebrum processes positive emotions while the right cerebrum processes negative emotions (Shenal et al., 2003). EEG asymmetries have been examined with individuals that have depression and have found there is an increased activation in the right-frontal lobe that is relative to left-hemisphere activation (Shenal et al., 2003). Other studies have shown individuals with depression have different hemisphere activation by increased right-hemisphere activation or decreased left-hemisphere activation. Individuals with depression from left-frontal dysfunction will have problems planning and arranging information. Depression from right-frontal dysfunction may have impaired nonverbal fluency. Negative Effects of Daily Functioning Living with Depression Major depression can have a big effect on children or adolescent’s ability to function on a day to day manner. There are a lot of negative effects to depression that are important to recognize right away for help. Some of the effects of depression include â€Å"change of eating habits, change in sleeping habits (sleeping too much, not sleeping very much), irritability, social withdrawal, trouble paying attention, and feelings of sadness† (Bujoreanu et al., 2011, p. 548). If depression is not treated, this can lead to â€Å"family dysfunction, academic impairment, and psychosocial difficulties† (Bujoreanu et al., 2011, p. 548). There is also the chance that the depression can continue into adulthood if the family is not aware or informed of the symptoms the child is displaying. Assessments that are Used for Diagnoses and Treatment Neuropsychologists are now starting to find new ways to accurately diagnose depression in individuals as well as finding out if depression treatments are actually helping individuals with the disorder. Depression is now being diagnosed by a blood test and neuroimaging (fMRI) is being used to examine neural circuitry in adolescents with depression. The blood test is a new technique to psychiatry that was approved in 2011. This diagnostic tool is one way to find out if an individual has major depressive disorder without the medical professional being biased or not able to get a lot of information from the individual. The diagnostic tool looks at the levels of ethanolamine phosphate in the patient’s blood to give an indication that the patient has the disorder. Studies have shown that people with depression have low levels of ethanolamine phosphate (Verma, Kaur, David, 2012). At this point, the blood test is very expensive or is slow to get the results back to see if an individual has depression. Neuropsychologists as well as health physicians can use this assessment as the first step in determining if the patient has major depressive disorder. Once the blood tests indicate the disorder, the neuropsychologist and health professional can refer the patient to a medical professional that specializes in depression. The blood test can be used to help the medical professionals in making a diagnosis and to find the best treatment for the patient (Verma et al., 2012). The second assessment that is being used by neuropsychologist for depression is neuroimaging (fMRI). One study in particular used an fMRI to compare adolescents with depression and healthy adolescents on â€Å"neural responses to fearful facial expressions† before treatment (Cullen, 2012, p. 348). The study was repeated again after eight weeks with the depressed adolescents on fluxetine (antidepressant). Research showed that adolescents with depression increase the activation in the amygdala looking at fearful faces (Cullen, 2012). After the treatment, there was no difference between adolescents with depression and healthy adolescents. This study has opened new doors to further study other depression treatments. The fMRI was able to show the difference the fluxetine had on the brain to help adolescents with negative effectives that interfere with daily living. The next steps would need to look at what can affect before and after treatment findings. Some of these include â€Å"age at assessment, illness status, treatment history, and type of treatment† (Cullen, 2012, p. 350). When these effects are looked at with more research, this will bring clinical advancements to the neuropsychological field. Appropriate Treatment Options When it comes to appropriate treatment options for children and adolescents with depression, there are two different kinds that have been the most effective. These two different kinds of treatments are psychotherapeutic treatments and psychopharmacological treatments. The psychotherapeutic treatments are therapy treatments to work with children and adolescents to help them function normally in their daily lives. Evidence-based treatments (EBT) are â€Å"interventions or techniques that have produced therapeutic change in controlled trials† (Bujoreanu et al., 2011, p. 549). Common evidence-based treatments used with depressed children and adolescents include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy-adolescent (IPT-A). Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been found out to be the most effective psychotherapeutic treatment with children and adolescents with depression. Aaron Beck created cognitive-behavioral therapy and focused on how â€Å"thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are inter-related and individuals can make positive changes in how someone feels by changing what they do or think† (Bujoreanu et al., 2011, p. 549). Children and adolescents work with a therapist to learn new skills and explore different ideas that are discussed during sessions. Interpersonal Therapy-Adolescent (IPT-A) is a treatment that does takes place for a short period of time. The therapy focuses on the clients’ depressive symptoms and the interpersonal context in which they occur (Bujoreanu et al., 2011, p. 550). To help with the depressive symptoms when they occur, the therapist helps the child or adolescent learn problem-solving and communication skills. Psychopharmacological treatments involve the medications that are appropriate for children and adolescents with depression. These include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), norepinephrine-dopamine reupatake inhibitor (NDRI), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). SSRIs are the most common and first kind of drugs that will be used to treat child and adolescent depression. Fluoxetine and escitalopram are FDA approved for children with depression, but there are also other medications that are not intended for depression that have been successful (Bujoreanu et al., 2011). When picking an SSRI, it is important to look at family history and how the drug affects the child or adolescent. When SSRI’s do not work with the children and adolescents, there are other drugs that can be taken into consideration. Adolescents that have depression with bupropion would use a NDRI to help with the symptoms. Another drug category that can help with depression is SNRIs that include taking duloxetine and venlafaxine that are sedating. When one kind of treatment does not fully treat the patient, combined therapy of medication and therapy are used. Therapy is usually the first step taken in treatment before medication is considered. Alternative Treatments There are a lot of adolescents that are experiencing depression symptoms that are not able to receive the standard treatments. This can be from the adolescent’s family not having insurance or the families insurance does not cover certain treatment options. These alternative treatments that could help these individuals with depression include interpersonal therapy and attachment-based family therapy, the artistically creative approaches, and existential therapy (McGlasson, 2012). The interpersonal therapy focuses on the different relationships that are in the adolescent’s life. If there is not a healthy relationship, this can lead to depression. This therapy focuses on personal issues that cause the different relationships to not be healthy and finds skills the adolescent can work on to improve those relationships. The attachment-based family therapy is where the family, the adolescent, and a trained counselor work together to build a healthy relationship. This also includes skills that that will be learned in sessions that will help in the long run (McGlasson, 2012). The artistically creative approaches include art therapy and music to help adolescents express themselves in a creative way. Art therapy allows the youth to communicate on a deeper level than just talking about the issues with a counselor. This form of therapy might feel less threatening to the adolescent and a way they can control (McGlasson, 2012). Music is something that adolescents are familiar with and feel safe with being used in therapy. Music lowers stress and can help the therapist in understanding different moods that the client is experiencing (McGlasson, 2012, p. 19). Existential therapy has four themes to the treatment. These themes are â€Å"the uniqueness and freedom of the individual, the recognition of suffering as part of the human experience, an emphasis on the here-and-now to discover one’s meaning and identity, and a commitment to discover and develop one’s talent† (McGlasson, 2012, p. 19). The themes all focus on the individual and how he or she is becoming. Therapists would focus on existential concerns that go on in the adolescent’s life and find ways to explore the issues. Coping Mechanism for Individuals with Depression There are healthy and unhealthy coping strategies that children and adolescents do to deal with depression. The healthy and unhealthy coping strategies both involve the same three core categories (emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, and avoidant coping). It all depends on what the children and adolescents have picked up from others and what they have learned on their own to determine if it is healthy or unhealthy. Unhealthy coping strategies usually fall under the emotion-focused coping and avoidant coping. Emotion-focused coping is â€Å"any response aimed at reducing or managing the negative feelings that arise in response to the threat or loss† (Hayat, 2013, p. 153). Research has shown that common emotion-focused coping strategies that can develop depression and suicidal ideation more are self blame and emotional support (Horwitz, Hill, King, 2011). Avoidant coping involves a strategy that avoids the depression symptoms and suicidal ideation. Common avoidant coping strategies that are unhealthy and can develop the disorder more are behavioral disengagement and denial (Horwitz et al., 2011). Avoidant coping is usually avoided when learning new strategies that can help with depression. When children and adolescents learn healthy ways to cope with depression, most of the strategies fall under the category problem-focused coping. This category of coping strategies is defined as â€Å"attempting to deal constructively with the stressor or circumstances itself† (Hayat, 2013, p. 153). A medical professional can help the child or adolescent learn active coping strategies, plan different coping strategies that fit with the stressor or circumstance, and use instrumental support (Horwitz et al., 2011). For emotion-focused coping healthy alternatives would learning wishful thinking and seeking emotional support from family and friends that will not make the individual feel worse about themselves. These coping strategies can be learned by a medical professional that can work with the child or adolescent with depression. While there was only a few coping strategies mentioned, other coping strategies might be used depending on the situation of the individual. Preventive Measures for Individuals at Risk of Depression It is important that society is aware of what factors will identify high-risk adolescents for depression. When factors that can lead to depression are understood, steps can be taken to help reduce the risk of the disorder developing. At this point, research has shown that biological, psychological and social risk factors can trigger depression. Newer research has also found that neuroticism (N) (personality trait) is associated with mood disorders that can risk adolescents is developing depression (Kuyken, Watkins, Holden, Cook, 2006). High neuroticism individuals will show more mood changes and will need to respond adaptively (Kuyken et al., 2006). Kuyken’s et al., (2006) study included four different hypotheses to find out what risk factors would determine if adolescents will develop depression. They hypotheses are (1) â€Å"Adolescents at risk for depression (as indicated by high N) will report greater rumination than adolescents at low risk but lower rumination than currently depressed adolescents, (2) among currently depressed adolescents, elevated levels of rumination will be associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, (3) the relationship between N and depressive symptoms will be partially mediated by rumination in cross-sectional analyses, with higher rumination associated with more depressive symptoms, and (4) the effect of rumination on depression will be moderated by gender, being greater for female compared to male adolescents† (Kuyken, et al., 2006, p. 42). The results indicated that at risk adolescents for depression have more ruminated than healthy adolescents. At risk adolescents and current depressed adolescents were comparable with high neuroticism personal trait. Adolescents that found out they had depression show rumination was connected to severe depressive symptoms. This study found that rumination and depression symptoms were the same for females and males. Conclusion Depression is a complex disorder that is now fully starting to be understood. Neuropsychologists are able to see what parts of the brain are impaired from the disorder as well as assessments that help to diagnose and treat depression accurately. With this information medical professionals find the best treatment options for the individual and help with coping strategies that are not unhealthy to use. This information has also made it easier to determine if adolescents are at risk of developing the disorder. Determining if adolescents have depression is still new, but with more research, medical professionals will hopefully be able to reduce the amount of youth with the disorder. References Bujoreanu, S., Benhayon, D., Szigethy, E. (2011). Treatment of depression in children and adolescents. Pediatric Annals, 40(11), 548. doi:10.3928/00904481-20111007-05 Cullen, K. R. (2012). Imaging adolescent depression treatment. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(4), 348. Hayat, I. (2013). Stressful life events, depression and coping strategies. Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 1(2), 148. Horwitz, A. G., Hill, R. M., King, C. A. (2011). Specific coping behaviors in relation to adolescent depression and suicidal ideation. Journal of Adolescence, 34(5), 1077-1085. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.10.004 Kuyken, W., Watkins, E., Holden, E., Cook, W. (2006). Rumination in adolescents at risk for depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 96(1), 39-47. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.05.017 McGlasson, T. D. (2012). Listening clearly: Alternative treatments for adolescent depression. The Prevention Researcher, 19(4), 18. Shenal, B. V., Harrison, D. W., Demaree, H. A. (2003). The neuropsychology of depression: A literature review and preliminary model. Neuropsychology Review, 13(1), 33-42. doi:10.1023/A:1022300622902 Verma, R. K., Kaur, S., David, S. R. (2012). An instant diagnosis for depression by blood test. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR, 6(9), 1612. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2012/4758.2579

Urban Government and Private Development :: Public Policy Politics

Urban Government and Private Development in Postindustrial Urban America ABSTRACT: As revenue-deprived cities in the United States depend more on developments aimed at attracting visitors, the governing bodies controlling this infrastructure play a larger role in urban government. This paper explores the case of one such development, Chicago’s Navy Pier. The author argues that the Pier’s redevelopment as a festival marketplace, which was based on public rhetoric and space, necessitated the creation of a public authority that compromised this vision. The paper begins with a description of the postindustrial city, then outlines the history of Navy Pier and its redevelopment, and closes with a discussion of the role of public authorities in the contemporary city. In 1986, Chicago and urban America generally, were in decline. The bedrock of federal urban funding had disappeared, middle class residents continued to flee the city for suburban enclaves, and manufacturing jobs that had once employed large portions of city dwellers were suddenly much scarcer. While cities searched for strategies to reverse these trends, most found great trouble in doing so. An urban regeneration seemed unlikely at the time, but cities would soon find ways to attract dollars, residents, and visitors back within their limits. Seventy years earlier, Municipal Pier, a mixed-use development for shipping and entertainment, was constructed near the mouth of the Chicago River and Lake Michigan. The initial uses of the structure known today as Navy Pier symbolize the industrial and leisure activities taking place in a rapidly growing, and at times, carefree urban setting. In the decades to follow, the pier served as a Navy training base, the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois, and finally, as a landmark used intermittently for municipal gatherings and public events. During the era of urban decline, however, Navy Pier sat idle amidst a city on the verge of rebirth; plans for renovation had come and gone and it looked as though the Pier might never be of use again. The ever-changing currents of urban America provided a different outcome. In 1990 a plan that would redevelop the Pier was accepted, and in the previous year, two factors ensured its success. The first was the plan’s use of public rhetoric, which stood out from other festival marketplaces that had embraced private development exclusively. This can be attributed to the fact that throughout the city’s history, Chicagoans have treasured their public space along Lake Michigan. A phenomenon best represented by Daniel Burnham’s 1909 plan for Chicago, which placed an emphasis on beautifying the lakefront and rejuvenating the residents and city (Hall, 2002, pp.

Interpersonal Violence

Violence can be defined as an assault or application of physical force of other person to exploit or hurt others (Encarta, 2007). Violence often illustrates injury to other persons that is usually intentional, and emotionally or verbally insulting to others. â€Å"Clinical associates† of violent behavior are recognized, but the fundamental mechanisms are not yet well understood, such as mechanisms involving intricate interaction between perinatal and prenatal environmental factors, genes, and rearing conditions.According to recent studies, violent behavior is heterogeneous, meaning; hasty works of violence differ in managements, methods, and origin (The Journal†¦, 1999). There have been studies in molecular genetics that indicates that neurotransmitter regulation observed through the use of brain imaging methods might be the one affecting violent behaviors. It is also said that increasing evidence indicates harmony between suicidal behavior and neurobiology of violence. A ccording to the Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences:In the United States, homicide accounts for approximately 20,000 deaths annually and a victimization survey estimated that approximately 4. 2 violent crimes (assaults, robberies, and rapes) occur annually for each 100 persons older than 12 years, while another survey of the general adult population found a 3. 7% annual rate of self reported violent behavior against other persons, and thus, violent crime and violent behavior in general cause a major public health problem (p. 307).According to studies conducted, cultural and societal factors have a significant role in the growth of violent behaviors, however, these environmental factors shows different reactions in different persons. Base on studies, personality disorders, major mental disorders, substance used, and other disorders add to the intensity of human violence, however, recent evidence directs to neurobiological mechanisms influence the control and develop ment of violent behaviors (The Journal†¦, 1999).â€Å"Substance use sickness† such as the utilization of alcohol and drugs perform a great part in suicides and violent or aggressive behaviors. Disorders in personality, specifically the â€Å"borderline personality disorder† and the â€Å"antisocial personality†, are commonly displayed by violent behaviors, and a part of violent acts happening in the society are due to persons identified with extreme mental disorders like schizophrenia or mood disorders.Many hormones and neurotransmitters such as opiods, steroids, vasopressin, and other substances are concerned in the moderation of violent behaviors. Gender is also predicts suicide and violent behaviors because base on surveys, it is generally known that males are the major perpetrators of aggressiveness and violence The Journal†¦, 1999). Also, based on some studies, gender difference in aggressiveness starts to mature in preschool years and is fully ex pressed by puberty due to societal causes including child rearing practices.Violence can be reduced, prevented, and treated in many ways or methods and some of these are: improvements in the perinatal and prenatal care and avoidance of head injuries, caring and treating manic and schizophrenic patients and focusing on the treatment and diagnosis of frequent substance use disorders, and strong adherence to treatment and medication and monitoring of patients with major mental disorders who have a record of violence after discontinuing their treatment or medication (The Journal†¦, 1999).Years of studies have brought understanding and progress in the neurobiology of science, and it has been maximized by several contributions in brain imaging and molecular genetics. And with the extreme understanding of neurobiology, harmony or unity between suicide and violence can be clearly viewed. References Encarta. (n. d. ). Violence. Retrieved December 15, 2007, from http://encarta. msn. com/ encyclopedia_761585330/Violence. html The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. (1999). The Neurobiology of Violence: An Update. Retrieved December 15, 2007, from http://neuro. psychiatryonline. org/cgi/reprint/11/3/307. pdf

Essay on Homework #3 Solutions - 2624 Words

Physics 221 Summer 2012 HOMEWORK #3 Due Monday July 2, 2012 1 James Bond (90 kg), outï ¬ tted with perfectly matching skis and skiware, is at the top of a steep slope that a secret spy like him can easily handle. He lets himself go from rest and smoothly slides down the h = 15 m high hill. A big parking lot lies at the bottom of the hill. Since the parking area has been cleared of snow, the friction between the ground and the skis brings our hero to a halt at point D, located at a distance d = 12 m from point C. The descent can be considered frictionless. Take the potential energy to be zero at the bottom of the slope. (a) What is the mechanical energy of James Bond at points A and D? (b) Determine the speed of Bond at position B†¦show more content†¦A bullet of mass 10.0 g is ï ¬ red into the block and embeds in the block. The block rises a height of h = 5.00 cm. (a) Draw a ï ¬ gure showing the initial and ï ¬ nal positions of the block. (b) What was the speed of the bullet? (c) How much thermal energy is generated in the bloc k? (d) If the bullet stops in a distance of 4.00 cm inside the block, estimate the force of friction. SOLUTION : (b) The problem consists of two stages. The ï ¬ rst stage is from before to after the impact. The second stage is from just after the impact to the ï ¬ nal position. In the ï ¬ rst stage, the linear momentum is conserved. In the second stage, the energy is conserved. Let us denote the initial speed of the bullet as v0 . So: pbefore = pafter mv0 = (m + M ) v (4) M +m v0 m M y=0 Then using the conservation of energy of the combined mass rising to height h after the impact: 1 (M + m) v 2 = (M + m) gh 2 ⇒ v = 2gh (a) L L y=h (5) Substituting v from eq. 5 into eq. 4 and solving for v0 : v0 = m+M m 2gh = 2.00 kg + 0.0100 kg 0.0100 kg 2 9.80 m/s2 (0.0500 m) = 199 m/s (c) Assuming no sound generated in the impact, all the energy lost will turn into heat energy. 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